The term “noncontingent reinforcement”

(NCR) refers to a class of distinct procedures whose common link is the delivery of a stimulus event independent of a target behavior’s occur-rence. NCR has primarily been used as a con-trol procedure for reinforcement contingencies (Thompson, Iwata, Hanley, Dozier, & Samaha, 2003) and, more recently, as a reductive treatment for aberrant behavior (for a review, see Carr et al., 2000). The term NCR has been used most often to describe fixed-time (FT) schedules (Vollmer, Iwata, Zarcone, Smith, & Mazaleski, 1993). The event that is typically delivered in an NCR pro-cedure is the variable responsible for maintaining the aberrant behavior (usually identified through functional analysis)1. The recent applied literatur